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The question on why some countries succeeded while others failed in their development efforts attracts many researches on the concepts of development. There has been no easy answer to that, and it seems there is no single concept that can fit for all. The success of one country with one set of policies may not be applicable to other countries. Indeed, there are aspects that can be learned from those considered successful in their development efforts, but a full-fledge adoption without taking into consideration specific contexts that one country has may not result in desirable outcome. The study found that the concepts of development should not just rely on dominant Western-based development theories considering that development was a unique process for each and every country.

*Tulisan ini diterbitkan pada Journal of Management Policy and Practice Vol. 22(4) 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33423/jmpp.v22i4.